Turnover Intention: The Role of Ethical Leadership and Caring Co-workers and Self Efficacy as Moderators
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/miceb.v7i1.15548Keywords:
Ethical Leadership, Caring co-Worker, Self-Efficacy, Turnover IntentionAbstract
Employee turnover intention poses a critical challenge for organizations seeking to retain competent employees. This phenomenon is influenced by multiple factors, including leadership style and the quality of interpersonal relationships in the workplace. This study aims to analyze the influence of ethical leadership and caring coworkers on turnover intention, with self-efficacy as a moderating variable in sales outsourcing companies. A quantitative approach was employed using primary data collected from 117 respondents through a structured questionnaire. The results showed that ethical leadership and caring co-workers have a significant negative effect on turnover intention. Self-efficacy strengthens the negative relationship between caring co-workers and turnover intention, but does not moderate the relationship between ethical leadership and turnover intention. These findings emphasize that ethical leadership and supportive coworker relationships are crucial in reducing employees’ intention to leave, particularly when employees possess a high level of self-efficacy. Practically, this study highlights the importance for managers to integrate ethical leadership practices and foster a caring and supportive work environment to enhance employee retention. Theoretically, the study enriches the existing literature by demonstrating the interplay between interpersonal and psychological factors in mitigating turnover intention within organizational settings
References
Aini, N., & Mansyur, A. (2024). Peran Workplace Incivility dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Turnover Intention. Jurnal E-Bis, 8(1), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.37339/e-bis.v8i1.1613
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Ali Yusuf, F., & Widodo, W. (2023). The secret of reducing turnover intention: Evidence from Indonesia. Cogent Business and Management, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2202026
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control: New york: Freedom and company. López-Angulo et Al, 10.
Baydeniz, E., Dogru, T., Wei, W., & Mody, M. (2025). Organizational characteristics, ethical leadership, and employee job performance: An investigation from the lenses of appraisal responses to the behavioral outcomes model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2025.104257
Blau, P. (2017). Exchange and power in social life. Routledge..
Brown, M. E., Treviño, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97(2), 117–134. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.03.002
Chang, Y.-Y., & Chen, Y.-D. (2025). Are we ready for the unexpected disruption? Job embeddedness, calling, and turnover intentions. Journal of Air Transport Management, 124, 102762.
Gunadi, W., & Sk, P. (2024). PENGARUH ETHICAL LEADERSHIP TERHADAP TURNOVER INTENTIONS DENGAN MEDIASI VARIABEL RELATIONSHIP CONFLICT. https://doi.org/10.37817/jurnalmanajemen.v11i1
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24.
Jun, K., Hu, Z., & Sun, Y. (2023). Impact of authentic leadership on employee turnover intention: Perceived supervisor support as mediator and organizational identification as moderator. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1009639
Li, Q., She, Z., & Guo, M. (2025). The Hidden Cost of Unrest: The Impacts of Turnover Intentions on Employee Time Theft. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–16.
Maesaroh, I., & Fadili, D. A. (2024). Pengaruh Dukungan Rekan Kerja dan Keterikatan Kerja Terhadap Intensi Turnover Pada Karyawan Tetap Indomaret di Kecamatan Jonggol. INNOVATIVE: Journal of Social Science Research, 4(4), 9999–10007.
Mohamad, N. I., Abd Rahman, I., Ibrahim, N., Hasan, H., & Mahadi, M. H. (2025). Enhancing competency development through managerial coaching: self-efficacy as the driving mechanism. Cogent Business & Management, 12(1), 2477284.
Mondo, M., Pileri, J., Carta, F., & De Simone, S. (2022). Social Support and Self-Efficacy on Turnover Intentions: The Mediating Role of Conflict and Commitment. Social Sciences, 11(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11100437
Muhammad, R., Yaqub, S., Hussain, N., & Sohail, H. (2021). ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND TURNOVER INTENTION: A MODERATED MEDIATION MODEL OF JOB EMBEDDEDNESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356970045
Rista Monika, S., Nurmaya, E., Dahlan Yogyakarta Ema Nurmaya, A., & Dahlan Yogyakarta, A. (2021). Pengaruh Job Embeddedness, Organizational Commitment, dan Self-Efficacy Terhadap Turnover Intention Karyawan Pada PT. PLN (Persero) UP3 Yogyakarta.
Saks, A. M. (2021). A Model of Caring in Organizations for Human Resource Development. Human Resource Development Review, 20(3), 289–321. https://doi.org/10.1177/15344843211024035
Saleh, T. A., Sarwar, A., Islam, M. A., Mohiuddin, M., & Su, Z. (2022). Effects of Leader Conscientiousness and Ethical Leadership on Employee Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Individual Ethical Climate and Emotional Exhaustion. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19158959
Shao, L., Guo, H., Yue, X., & Zhang, Z. (2022). Psychological Contract, Self-Efficacy, Job Stress, and Turnover Intention: A View of Job Demand-Control-Support Model. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.868692
Sofia, S., & Wisudawati, W. N. (2023). Stres Kerja dan Dukungan Sosial terhadap Turnover Intention pada Pekerja Barista. Merpsy Journal, 15(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.22441/merpsy.v15i1.19752
Sofiatun, U., & Mansyur, A. (2021). EFEK LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN EFIKASI DIRI PADA KINERJA KARYAWAN. Jurnal Fokus Manajemen Bisnis, 11(2), 189. https://doi.org/10.12928/fokus.v11i2.4584
Yuniarti, V., & Cahyaningtyas, A. (2023). Interaksi Sosial Rekan Kerja Dengan Intensi Turnover Karyawan. IDEA: Jurnal Psikologi, 5, 52–64. https://doi.org/10.32492/idea.v5i1.5104
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Cut Mutiara Oktaviona, Anwar Mansyur
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
