Analisis Pembatalan Penerapan Kebijakan Alternative Minimum Tax dalam Rancangan Undang-Undang Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/jinv.v20i2.12632Keywords:
ability-to-pay, alternative minimum tax, ease of administration, revenue productivityAbstract
Dalam meminimalisir kehilangan potensi penerimaan pajak akibat masifnya pelaporan kerugian oleh wajib pajak korporasi terutama perusahaan Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA), pemerintah berupaya merancang kebijakan Pajak Penghasilan Minimum atau Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT). Perusahaan PMA yang mengaku mengalami kerugian akan tetap dikenakan pajak minimum. Penelitian ini membahas berbagai pertimbangan pembatalan penerapan kebijakan AMT dan faktorpendorong agar kebijakan AMT dapat diterapkan di Indonesia. Kebijakan AMT dirancang pemerintah untuk mengatasi masalah penghindaran pajak (tax avoidance). Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data studi literatur dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan AMT belum dapat diterima dengan beberapa alasan. Pertama, adanya ketidaksesuaian dengan konsep pajak terkait kemampuan membayar (ability-to-pay). Kedua, pemerintah tidak ingin mengambil risiko yang dapat mengganggu iklim investasi. Ketiga, adanya pengganti kebijakan AMT dengan instrumen lain. Keempat, kebijakan AMT belum dapat memenuhi asas kemudahan administrasi khususnya dalam asas kepastian. Terdapat beberapa faktor pendorong yang dapat membuat kebijakan AMT dapat diterapkan di Indonesia. Pertama, kebijakan AMT memenuhi asas produktivitas penerimaan. Kedua, adanya kesamaan pemahaman antara Pemerintah dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat sebagai legislator kebijakan. Ketiga, Pemerintah dapat belajar dari keberhasilan kebijakan AMT yang telah diterapkan di Filipina.
In minimizing tax revenue potential loss due to the massive reporting of losses by corporate taxpayers, the government designed an Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) policy. It will enforce foreign investment companies who claim losses still subject to a minimum tax. It can become a revenue safeguard for the government to tackle tax avoidance. This study discusses the reasons for the cancellation of the AMT and the driving factors to implement AMT. The research used qualitative method, data collection techniques using literature studies and in-depth interviews. The results of this study indicate that the AMT policy is still not acceptable for several reasons. First, it is not in meet the ability-to-pay principle. Second, governments are not willing to take risks that could disrupt the investment climate. Third, the possibily of other alternative policy to replace the AMT policy with other instruments. Fourth, AMT could not fulfill the ease of administration principle, especially for certainty aspect. The driving factors are following. First, this policy fulfills the principle of revenue of productivity. Second, the common understanding between the government and the legislator has meet. Third, the government has understood the success of the AMT applied in the Philippines.
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