Bagaimana QRIS menarik minat UMKM? Sebuah model untuk memahani intensi UMKM menggunakan QRIS

Luh Putu Mahyuni, I Wayan Arta Setiawan

Abstract


Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi intensi UMKM menggunakan QRIS. Dengan memahami faktor-faktor pembentuk intensi UMKM menggunakan QRIS, strategi yang lebih efektif diharapkan dapat dirumuskan untuk mendorong lebih jauh adopsi QRIS oleh UMKM. Model dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan dari kerangka theory of planned behaviour dan technology acceptance model, serta disesuaikan dengan konteks UMKM Indonesia, melalui penelitian kualitatif yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Data empiris dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang melibatkan 203 UMKM, kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik analisis PLS-SEM dibantu perangkat lunak SmartPLS 3. Penelitian ini membuktikan secara empiris bahwa pemahaman akan QRIS, persepsi manfaat dan kemudahan penggunaan QRIS, pengaruh pihak eksternal yang dipandang penting, berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap intensi UMKM menggunakan QRIS. Semakin baik pemahaman akan QRIS, semakin besar persepsi manfaat, semakin mudah penggunaan QRIS, dan semakin banyak rekomendasi konsumen dan teman dekat untuk menggunakan QRIS, maka semakin besar intensi UMKM menggunakan QRIS. Penelitian ini juga mengungkap faktor yang dinilai UMKM dapat menjadi kendala dalam penggunaan QRIS, yaitu koneksi internet tidak stabil, adanya biaya dan limit transaksi. Namun, penelitian ini belum mampu membuktikan adanya pengaruh signifikan antara persepsi hambatan dan intensi UMKM menggunakan QRIS. UMKM dalam penelitian ini menilai bahwa faktor kendala yang dihadapi tidaklah terlalu penting, sehingga tidak menjadi faktor yang dapat menghalangi minatnya menggunakan QRIS. Penelitian ini mengisi gap dalam literatur dengan menawarkan model empiris yang menjelaskan berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi intensi UMKM menggunakan QRIS. Beberapa rekomendasi juga ditawarkan bagi pengambil kebijakan terkait untuk dapat mendorong lebih jauh adopsi QRIS di kalangan UMKM Indonesia. 

 

This study aims to empirically examine the factors influencing the intention of SMEs to use QR code Indonesia Standard (QRIS). By understanding the factors that shape the intention of SMEs to use QRIS, it is expected that a more effective strategy can be formulated to further encourage the adoption of QRIS by SMEs. The model in this study was developed from the framework of the theory of planned behavior and technology acceptance model, and adapted to the context of Indonesian MSMEs. Empirical data was collected through a questionnaire involving 203 MSMEs, then analyzed using the PLS-SEM analysis technique. This study finds that understanding of QRIS, perceived benefits and ease of use of QRIS, the influence of important external parties, have a positive and significant effect on the intention of SMEs to use QRIS. This study also reveals the factors considered by MSMEs to be obstacles in using QRIS, namely unstable internet connections, fees and transaction limits. However, this study has not been able to find a significant effect between perceived barriers and MSMEs' intention to use QRIS. MSMEs in this study consider the obstacles faced were not so important, so these could not hinder their interest in using QRIS. This study fills a gap in the literature by offering an empirical model that explains various factors influencing the intention of SMEs to use QRIS. Several recommendations were also offered for relevant policy makers to be able to further encourage the adoption of QRIS among Indonesian MSMEs.


Keywords


QR Code Indonesia Standard (QRIS); intensi penggunaan QRIS; pemahaman akan QRIS; persepsi manfaat QRIS; persepsi kemudahan QRIS; pengaruh eksternal; persepsi hambatan

References


Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211.

Arianti, N. L. N., Darma, G. S., & Mahyuni, L. P. (2019). Menakar Keraguan Penggunaan QR Code Dalam Transaksi Bisnis. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 16(2), 67. https://doi.org/10.38043/jmb.v16i2.2041

Au, Y. A., & Kauffman, R. J. (2008). The Economics of Mobile Payments: Understanding Stakeholder Issues For an Emerging Financial Technology Application. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 7(2), 141–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2006.12.004

Aysha Fathima, Y., & Muthumani, S. (2015). User Acceptance of Banking Technology with Special Reference to Internet Banking. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 73(1), 12–19.

Brace, I. (2008). Questionnaire Design: How to Plan, Structure, and Write Survey Materials for Effective Market Research (Kogan Page Ltd (ed.); 2nd ed.).

Cao, W. (2016). FinTech Acceptance Research in Finland-Case Company Plastc. 72. https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/21518

Chakravorti, S., & Jankowski, C. (2005). Forces Shaping the Payments Environment: A Summary of the Chicago Fed’s 2005 Payments Conference. Chicago Fed Letter, 219a, 1–9.

Chen, X., Sheng, J., Wang, X., & Deng, J. (2016). Exploring Determinants of Attraction and Helpfulness of Online Product Review: A Consumer Behaviour Perspective. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and

Society, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9354519

Chuang, L.-M., Liu, C.-C., & Kao, H.-K. (2016). The Adoption of Fintech Service: TAM perspective. International Journal of Management and Administrative Sciences (IJMAS, 3(07), 1–15.

Clarysse, B., Wright, M., Bruneel, J., & Mahajan, A. (2014). Creating Value In Ecosystems: Crossing the Chasm Between Knowledge and Business Ecosystems. Research Policy, 43(7), 1164–1176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2014.04.014

Coussement, M. A., & Teague, T. J. (2013). The New Customer-Facing Technology: Mobile and the Constantly-Connected Consumer. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 4(2), 177–187. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-12-2011-0035

Dahlberg, T., Guo, J., & Ondrus, J. (2015). A Critical Review of Mobile Payment Research. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 14(5), 265–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2015.07.006

Dahlberg, T., Mallat, N., Ondrus, J., & Zmijewska, A. (2008). Past, Present and Future of Mobile Payments Research: A Literature Review. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 7(2), 165–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2007.02.001

Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and Acceptance of Information System Technology. MIS Quarterly, 13. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008

Duncombe, R. (2011). Researching Impact of Mobile Phones for Development: Concepts, Methods and Lessons for Practice. Information Technology for Development, 17(4), 268–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2011.561279

Duncombe, R., & Boateng, R. (2009). Mobile Phones and Financial Services in Developing Countries: A Review of Concepts, Methods, Issues, Evidence and Future Research Directions. Third World Quarterly, 30(7), 1237–1258. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590903134882

Elena, M. (2021). BI Catat 10,4 Juta Merchant telah Gunakan QRIS. Bisnis.Com. https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20210923/9/1445881/bi-catat-104-juta-merchant-telah-gunakan-qris

Evans, D. and P. A., Yu, S., Ibtasam, S., Bank of Ghana, GSMA, Lyons, P., Altunbas, Y., Mothobi, O., & Grzybowski, L. (2017). Impact of Mobile Money on the Payment System in Ghana: An Econometric Analysis. University of Chicago Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper. https://doi.org/10.1145/3209811.3209863

Ezeh, P. C., & Nwankwo, N. (2018). Factors that Influence the Acceptance of Mobile Money in Nigeria. Journal of Research in Marketing, 8(2), 684. https://doi.org/10.17722/jorm.v8i2.217

Ferdiana, A. M. K., & Darma, G. S. (2019). Understanding Fintech Through Go – Pay. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 4(2), 257–260.

Frame, W. S., Wall, L., White, L. J., Frame, W. S., Wall, L., & White, L. J. (2019). Technological Change and Financial Innovation in Banking. The Oxford Handbook of Banking, 261–284. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198824633.013.10

Gefen, D., Karahanna, E., & Straub, D. W. (2003). Trust and TAM in Online Shopping. MIS Quarterly.

Hadad, M. M. (2017). Financial Technology (FinTech) di Indonesia. In ibs.ac.id. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2014.03.053

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications, Inc.

Herman. (2021). Jumlah UMKM Go Digital Naik 99% Selama Pandemi. BeritaSatu. https://www.beritasatu.com/ekonomi/835765/jumlah-umkm-go-digital-naik-99-selama-pandemi

Hogan, B. J. (2008). Managers and Leaders. Manufacturing Engineering, 141(3). https://doi.org/10.1097/00005110-198107000-00005

Karniawati, N. P. A., Darma, G. S., Mahyuni, L. P., & Sanica, I. G. (2021). Community Perception of Using QR Code Payment in Era New Normal. Pjaee, 18(1), 3986–3999.

Kumail Abbas Rizvi, S., Naqvi, B., & Tanveer, F. (2018). Is Pakistan Ready to Embrace Fintech Innovation? The Lahore Journal of Economics, 23(2), 151–182. https://doi.org/10.35536/lje.2018.v23.i2.a6

Lee, I., & Shin, Y. J. (2018). Fintech: Ecosystem, Business Models, Investment Decisions, and Challenges. Business Horizons. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2017.09.003

Mallat, N. (2007). Exploring Consumer Adoption of Mobile Payments - A Qualitative Study. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 16(4), 413–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2007.08.001

Medcom.id. (2021). UMKM Bangkit Ekonomi Indonesia Kian Naik. Medcom.Id. https://www.medcom.id/foto/grafis/5b2mEY6N-umkm-bangkit-ekonomi-indonesia-kian-naik

Morosan, C., & DeFranco, A. (2016). Modeling Guests’ Intentions to Use Mobile Apps in Hotels: The Roles of Personalization, Privacy, and Involvement. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(9), 1968–1991. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2015-0349

Olaleye, S. A., Sanusi, I. T., & Adepoju, B. (2018). Actual Use and Continuous Use Of Retail Mobile App: A Model Comparison Perspective. Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems, 3(6), 151–158. https://doi.org/10.25046/aj030619

Paula Graça, L. C.-M. (2017). Collaboration in a Data-Rich World. IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2017, 506(July 2018), 761–774. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65151-4

Pousttchi, K. (2008). A Modeling Approach and Reference Models for the Analysis of Mobile Payment Use Cases. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 7(2), 182–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2007.07.001

Prahalad, C. K. (1995). New View of Strategy: An Interview With C.K. Prahalad. In European Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/0263-2373(95)00001-2

Pramono, B., & Yanuarti, T. (2006). Dampak Pembayaran Non Tunai Terhadap Perekonomian dan Kebijakan Moneter. Bank Indonesia.

Richard L. Daft. (2010). Era Baru Manajemen. In Era baru manajemen.

Rivera, M., Gregory, A., & Cobos, L. (2015). Mobile Application for the Timeshare Industry: The Influence of Technology Experience, Usefulness, and Attitude on Behavioral Intentions. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 6(3), 242–257. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-01-2015-0002

Rizhaldi, A., & Mahyuni, L. P. (2021). Menavigasi Bisnis UMKM Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. E Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 10(7), 590–601.

Ryu, H.-S. (2018). Understanding Benefit and Risk Framework of Fintech Adoption: Comparison of Early Adopters and Late Adopters. Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 3864–3873. https://doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2018.486

Saksonova, S., & Kuzmina-Merlino, I. (2017). Fintech As Financial Innovation - The Possibilities and Problems of Implementation. European Research Studies Journal, 20(3), 961–973. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/757

Sarwono, H. A. (2015). Profil Bisnis Usaha Mikro, Kecil Dan Menengah (UMKM). Bank Indonesia Dan LPPI, 1–135.

Setiawan, I. W. A., & Mahyuni, L. P. (2020). QRIS di Mata UMKM : Eksplorasi Persepsi dan Intensi UMKM Menggunakan QRIS. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 9(10), 921–946.

Setiawan, M. I., Surjokusumo, S., Ma’Soem, D. M., Johan, J., Hasyim, C., Kurniasih, N., Sukoco, A., Dhaniarti, I., Suyono, J., Sudapet, I. N., Nasihien, R. D., Mudjanarko, S. W., Wulandari, A., Ahmar, A. S., &

Wajdi, M. B. N. (2018). Business Centre Development Model of Airport Area in Supporting Airport Sustainability in Indonesia. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 954(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/954/1/012024

Sheng, H., Nah, F. F. H., & Siau, K. (2008). An Experimental Study on Ubiquitous Commerce Adoption: Impact of Personalization and Privacy Concerns. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 9(6), 344–376. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00161

Shy, O. (2019). Cashless Stores and Cash Users. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Working Papers, January. https://doi.org/10.29338/wp2018-11

Stern, C., Makinen, M., & Qian, Z. (2017). FinTechs in China – with a Special Focus on Peer to Peer Lending. Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, 10(3), 215–228. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCEFTS-06-2017-0015

Sutanto, J., Palme, E., Tan, C., Table, A., & Survey, P. S. (2013). Research Article Addressing the Personalization-Privacy Paradox: An Empirical Assessment from a Field Experiment on Smartphone Users. MIS Quarterly, 37(4), 1–5.

Suwandi, M. A., & Azis, E. (2018). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penggunaan E-Money pada Generasi Millenials. E-Proceeding of Management, 5(3), 3104–3111.

Teja, A. (2017). Indonesian Fintech Business: New Innovations or Foster and Collaborate in Business Ecosystems? The Asian Journal of Technology Management (AJTM), 10(1), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.12695/ajtm.2017.10.1.2

Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y. L., & Xu, X. (2016). Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology: A Synthesis and the Road Ahead. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 17(5), 328–376. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00428

Yahyapour, N. (2008). Determining Factors Affecting Internet to Adopt Banking Recommender System. Division of Industrial Marketing and E-Commerce, Master’s Thesis.

Zarmpou, T., Saprikis, V., Markos, A., & Vlachopoulou, M. (2012). Modeling Users’ Acceptance of Mobile Services. Electronic Commerce Research, 12(2), 225–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-012-9092-x

Zavolokina, L., Dolata, M., & Schwabe, G. (2016). The FinTech Phenomenon: Antecedents of Financial Innovation Perceived by the Popular Press. In Financial Innovation. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-016-0036-7




DOI: https://doi.org/10.30872/jfor.v23i4.10158

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2021 Luh Putu Mahyuni, I Wayan Arta Setiawan

Crossref logo 

Editorial Address

FORUM EKONOMI: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Akuntansi
Faculty of Economics and Business, Mulawarman University
Jl. Tanah Grogot No.1 Samarinda Kalimantan Timur 75119
Email: jakt.feb.unmul@gmail.com

StatCounter: FORUM EKONOMI: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Akuntansi